The F-Value, developed by Stanford accounting professor Joseph Piotroski, measures a company's financial strength based on nine distinct criteria. Piotroski suggest using the value as part of a value investing strategy to rank stocks with a low price-to-book ratio. The approach is described in detail in Piotroski's 2002 Paper Value Investing: The Use of Historical Financial Statement Information to Separate Winners From Losers.

Financial strength (Piotroski F-Value)

4 / 9

Return on assets (ROA) greater than 0

close -21.6%

Operating cash flow greater than 0

close -$1.20M

ROA greater than previous year

check -21.6% > -42.3%

Cash flow return on assets (CFROA) greater than Return on assets (ROA)

check -5.6% > -21.6%

Leverage ratio lower than previous year

close 27.8% ≥ 24.7%

Current ratio greater than previous year

check 144.3% > 114.6%

No new common stock issued last year

close $2.58M

Gross margin greater than previous year

check 38.1% > 9.5%

Asset turnover greater than previous year

close 5.3% ≤ 13.0%

F-Value history

The F-Value is calculated for each quarter based on the cumulation of the previous four quarterly statements. Click on the chart to see the F-Value at a specific time in the past.