The F-Value, developed by Stanford accounting professor Joseph Piotroski, measures a company's financial strength based on nine distinct criteria. Piotroski suggest using the value as part of a value investing strategy to rank stocks with a low price-to-book ratio. The approach is described in detail in Piotroski's 2002 Paper Value Investing: The Use of Historical Financial Statement Information to Separate Winners From Losers.

Financial strength (Piotroski F-Value)

4 / 9

Return on assets (ROA) greater than 0

check 2.6%

Operating cash flow greater than 0

check $2.09M

ROA greater than previous year

close 2.6% ≤ 6.8%

Cash flow return on assets (CFROA) greater than Return on assets (ROA)

close 0.7% ≤ 2.6%

Leverage ratio lower than previous year

check 0.1% < 0.2%

Current ratio greater than previous year

close 1,367.0% ≤ 1,547.0%

No new common stock issued last year

check $0.00

Gross margin greater than previous year

close 23.5% ≤ 41.8%

Asset turnover greater than previous year

close 17.0% ≤ 23.8%

F-Value history

The F-Value is calculated for each quarter based on the cumulation of the previous four quarterly statements. Click on the chart to see the F-Value at a specific time in the past.