The F-Value, developed by Stanford accounting professor Joseph Piotroski, measures a company's financial strength based on nine distinct criteria. Piotroski suggest using the value as part of a value investing strategy to rank stocks with a low price-to-book ratio. The approach is described in detail in Piotroski's 2002 Paper Value Investing: The Use of Historical Financial Statement Information to Separate Winners From Losers.

Financial strength (Piotroski F-Value)

6 / 9

Return on assets (ROA) greater than 0

check 18.9%

Operating cash flow greater than 0

check $1.46M

ROA greater than previous year

check 18.9% > 13.8%

Cash flow return on assets (CFROA) greater than Return on assets (ROA)

close 13.7% ≤ 18.9%

Leverage ratio lower than previous year

close 4.2% ≥ 1.2%

Current ratio greater than previous year

check 1,104.9% > 432.7%

No new common stock issued last year

check $0.00

Gross margin greater than previous year

check 83.3% > 78.1%

Asset turnover greater than previous year

close 82.8% ≤ 87.7%

F-Value history

The F-Value is calculated for each quarter based on the cumulation of the previous four quarterly statements. Click on the chart to see the F-Value at a specific time in the past.